Friedrich Nietzsche s Ethical Theory - 1191 Words

Friedrich Nietzsche expresses an ethical theory in which he believes all humans should simply strive for power regardless of how it affects others. Though this sounds like an ideal theory because we would always have what we need, this mindset would lead to an unsuccessful society. Instead Thomas Hobbes presents a more preferable idea for society by establishing a type of â€Å"moral code† for all. Nietzsche’s idea of striving for total power would lead to a collapse in society where Hobbes’ idea of establishing a social contract under a supreme ruler would lead to a more peaceful and successful society. To being with, one must first look at Nietzsche’s ethical standpoint. Nietzsche believes everyone should strive to become the ubermensch, or the over man, by expressing the ego and simply taking as much power as one desires. Thus, the telos of humanity is to be the most egoistic. This can be seen when examining the origin of the word â€Å"goodness†. Originally, nobility defined the way they lived to be â€Å"good† and because peasants did not live to such a high standard they were â€Å"bad†. Nietzsche goes on to explain that priests became hateful of the â€Å"good† nobility. In Nietzsche’s eyes the priests hated the nobles for having great power. He writes â€Å"As is the well-known, priests are the most evil of enemies-but why? Because they are the most powerless† (Nietzsche 386). The priests were evil because they did not act out of self-interest, thus they did not have any power. This hatefulnessShow MoreRelatedEthics : Virtue Ethics And Ethics1351 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy Final Exam Dawlat Chebly 1/27/15 I. Provide answers for five (5) of the following (6 points each, total of 30 points): 1. what is virtue ethics and what does it do that the two major ethical approaches do not? Virtue ethics is one of the three major approaches in ethics. This approach of ethics emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, in contrast to other approaches which emphasizes duties or rules. Virtue ethics has three central concepts; virtue, practical wisdom, and eudemoniaRead MoreFriedrich Nietzsche s Philosophy And Ethics2039 Words   |  9 PagesCollege May 6, 2016 â€Æ' Abstract: Friedrich Nietzsche devoted his life to the study of philosophy and ethics. In particular to topics regarding Christianity and Atheism. A majority of his writings are against Christianity and The Antichrist is no different. The following paper will look into what Nietzsche wrote in The Antichrist and explore the ethical principles that he proposes and dismisses in this writing. â€Æ' The Antichrist is a collection of Friedrich Nietzsche writings that were put togetherRead MorePlato s Theory Of The Forms1704 Words   |  7 Pages Plato’s Theory of the Forms Travis Meyer PHI 1090 Introduction to Philosophy 12/16/2015 Plato was a Greek philosopher, mathematician, and theologian who lived from 424 BC to 348 BC in Athens, Greece. Plato was born into a high class family in Greece and therefore was very active in the Athenian community since he was from a high status family. He was the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is known to be one of the bestRead MoreAn Overview Of The Ethical1407 Words   |  6 Pagesï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Abortion: An Overview of the Ethical ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼11/1/2015 Randy St.Cyr PHIL200 Introduction to Ethics Dr. Carrie Pettermin Issues ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ÃƒËœÃ¯Æ'Ëœ Various philosophers through the centuries have had a tremendous impact on the way modern society thinks. ØïÆ'Ëœ Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) influenced modern thinking with his â€Å"God is dead† philosophy. This meant that there was no longer any room for God in an enlightened and civilized society. ØïÆ'Ëœ John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) helped popularize the philosophy ofRead MoreExistentialism : A Very Short Introduction Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Authenticity is a collection of choices that we have to make every day. It s about the choice to show up and be real. The choice to be honest. The choice to let our true selves be seen† (Brown). In the book Existentialism: A Very Short Introduction, Thomas Flynn writes about one of the leading philosophical movements in the twentieth century: existentialism. This theory emphasizes that each individual is entirely free, making them responsible and accountable for their actions or choices. With thisRead MoreAn Introduction To Psychology . The American Psychological1758 Words   |  8 PagesAmerican Journal Association in 1887 and Journal applied Psychology in 1917 (Anderson 1929).Psycology was established separately from the General science like biology and philosophy. The different schools of psychology was to repre sent the major theories within psychology. Wundt was able to form one of the many systems of psychology; structuralism. Along with existentialism, behaviorism and functionalism which are just a few of the traditional schools and systems of psychology. These schools of psychologyRead MorePhilosophy Are Filled With Debates, Arguments, And Theories1757 Words   |  8 Pages Annals of Philosophy are filled with debates, arguments, and theories. One such argument would be that it is not possible to possess morality without the belief in a personal god. There are as many differing opinions on this subject as there are philosophers amongst us. I believe that believing in a god has nothing to do with moral awareness and action. I am not debating that there is a god, I am just concerned with whether or not it is possible to act morally without the belief in oneRead MoreThe Movie Pulp Fiction 2123 Words   |  9 PagesPulp Fiction, a film where every 1950’s pop culture i con is on display from Zorro to Buddy Holly. Quentin Tarantino s 1994, Pulp Fiction, went on to win an Oscar for best original screenplay, and gained a cult following. This report will examine the film s relationship with Nihilist theory. The film is centered around Jules Winnfiel’s [Samuel L. Jackson] transformation, from someone with no sense of what to believe in, to someone who experiences ‘Divine intervention’ and rethinks his system ofRead MoreMoral Relativism And Moral Absolutism1766 Words   |  8 Pagesdescribed as somehow selfish doctrine that seeks to justify the wrong from either a religious or cultural perspective. Conceivably, this principle undermines the need to â€Å"assess the value of our values since values are relative to one s goals and one s self† (Friedrich Nietzsche) (Dempster, 456).We are all slaves of our wishes or wills, and moral relativism may offer humanity an escape route to justify the wrong for the purpose of our selfish gains or convenience. 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Neutrality of money Free Essays

The â€Å"neutrality of money† refers to the notion that the effect of changes in an economy’s nominal supply of money will have no effects on the real variables like the real GDP, employment and consumption and only the nominal variables such as the prices, wages and the exchange rate are affected. It was the standard feature of the classical[1] macroeconomic model of unemployment and inflation that was based upon the assumption of quickly clearing perfectly competitive markets and the money market was governed by the quantity theory (Ackley, 1978). This resulted in what was known as the â€Å"classical dichotomy† – the real and monetary sectors of the economy could be analysed separately as real variables like output, employment and real interest rates would not be affected by whatever was going on in the nominal segment of the economy and vice-versa. We will write a custom essay sample on Neutrality of money or any similar topic only for you Order Now The objective of the present endeavour is to explore this concept of neutrality by delving into its theoretical motivations and basis and thereby introspecting upon the extent to which distinguishing between short run and long run neutrality are important before briefly exploring the possible methods of empirically investigating the notion and concluding. In the standard classical macroeconomic model, which was the basis of answering all macroeconomic questions before Keynes’s General theory brought forth its capturing   assault onto it, the connection between the money supply and the price level was made through the quantity theory thus implying that the price level would vary to ensure the real aggregate demand, which was assumed to be a function of the real money supply, was in alignment with the available supply of output determined in the market for labour. The quantity theory simply posits that real money balances are demanded in proportion to real income. This can be expressed as MD/ P = (1/v).Y; where MD represents the nominal demand for money balances, P the price level, v the velocity of circulation of money and finally Y the real GDP.   Now by assumption, v is constant; MD equals the supply of money which is exogenous (MD, = MS = M) in equilibrium and Y is fixed at its equilibrium value (Y= Y*) determined in the labour market. As a result the quantity theory equation essentially becomes an equation that determines the price level for different levels of money. We have,  Ã‚  Ã‚   P = v.(M/Y*) . Evidently, changes in the money supply now shall only influence the prices. This is the basis of the notion of neutrality of money which therefore is a direct derivative of the assumption of the quantity theory itself (Carlin and Soskice, 1990). An increase in the supply of money initially leads to a rise in the aggregate demand above the real output (Y*, which is exogenous to the money market) due to increased availability of cash balances. Due to the excess demand situation the prices are pushed up until the demand for real output reduces to equal the supply of it. Note that in the classical system, the rate of interest plays the role of equating savings and investment at full employment and does not enter the money market. However, in the 1930s the great depression which was essentially a situation of cascading mass unemployment had no convincing explanation in terms of the classical framework which proposed that an economy would always operate at full employment. This situation of mass unemployment and the lack of forthcoming explanations of the phenomenon in terms of the classical full-employment framework provided the context for the introduction of the Keynesian model of unemployment. Although he upheld the assumption of perfectly competitive markets, he assumed prices to be fixed and money wages to be rigid and inflexible especially in the downward direction in the short run thereby implying the inability of the prices and wages to adjust to excess supply situations in the labour market; employment and output were determined by the effective aggregate demand in the product market. Consumption was assumed to be a function of real income implying savings, essentially the remainder of real income after consumption to be a function of real income as well rather than a function of real rate of interest as in the classical framework, and aggregate demand was made up of the planned expenses for consumption, investment and government expenses (for a closed economy). Contrary to the classical model, in the Keynesian framework the rate of interest serves in equating real demand and supply of money rather than equating investment and full employment savings. This set up not only brings forth the possibility of equilibrium with unemployment prevalent in the labour market, it also dispels the concept of neutrality of money. An exogenous increase in the money supply through its effect on the real rate of interest affects the amount of investment and through that causes a change in the aggregate demand and thus in the real output and employment. So, this framework proves the non-neutrality of money the short run (Mankiw, 2000). But in the long run, money can be deemed to have neutral effects through the following reasoning. An increase in the money supply will reduce the interest rates and increase investment. However, as the money supply rises, the real stock of money balances exceeds the desired level thus necessitating the expenditure on goods to be raised in order to re-establish the optimum and in that creating an excess demand in the goods market. In the long run prices and wages are perfectly flexible and in the presence of excess demand, there is a rise in the price level until the excess demand is satisfied, at the new equilibrium. Again this rise in prices leads to an increase in the demand for money and thus leads to a restoration of the real interest rates and investments to their initial levels (Patinkin, 1987). Therefore, in the long run money supply increases have no effects on real interest rates, investment, or output in the long run. So, we find that although money is actually non-neutral in the long run due to the wage-price inflexibility in the short run, in the long run money has neutral effects. Infact, Patinkin (1956) notes that not only is money neutral in the short run but this short run neutrality is absolutely necessary for the quantity theory to hold. If this non-neutrality is denied and the classical dichotomy is accepted, then there is no theory of money, quantity theory or otherwise. Testing the neutrality of money would require one to measure the effects of altered money supply has on real variables like the real GDP, employment and real interest rate. One approach possible would be to use a time series data set with values for these variables. A regression would be run to ascertain the extent of effects if any, the changes in money supply over time has had on the real variables. In fact, Fisher and Seater (1993) have used time series data in this manner to test the neutrality of money. Their methodology however requires the usage of advanced econometric tools. Many consequent studies[2] have adopted this methodology to test time series data for different regions and check for neutrality of money. Another option would be to use cross section data with different regions specified by different money supply values. By gauging the differences in the values of the real variables of these regions and relating these with the differences in the money supply values through regression analysis can be another way of testing for neutrality of money. So, to sum up, we have seen that although short run neutrality of money is not a valid proposition, money does not have real effects in the long run. In the final section we have suggested two possible approaches to testing the neutrality of money. References: Ackley, G., (1978). Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy, New York: Macmillan Boschen, J.F. Otrok, C.M., (1994) Long run neutrality and superneutrality in an ARIMA framework: comment, American Economic Review 84, 1470-1473. Carlin, W., Soskice, D., (1990) Macroeconomics and the Wage Bargain: A Modern Approach to Employment, Inflation, and the Exchange Rate, U.K.: Oxford University Press Fisher, M.E. Seater, J.J., (1993) Long run neutrality and superneutrality in an ARIMA framework, American Economic Review 83, 402-415. Mankiw,   N.G., (2000) â€Å"macroeconomics† 4th ed, Worth publishers, New York Patinkin., D. (1987) â€Å"Neutrality of money,† The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 3, pp. 639-4 Patinkin, D., (1956) Money, interest and prices: An integration of monetary and value theory, New York: Row Peterson [1] One should be beware of the misleading potential of the term classical and note its distinct presence in macroeconomics and its modern adoptions in the forms of new classical economics and thereby avoid confusing it with the school of economic thought associated with Marx, Smith and Ricardo. [2]   e.g., Boschen and Otrok (1994) for the US How to cite Neutrality of money, Essay examples

Meeting Agenda Essay Sample free essay sample

Forming meetings fundamentally involves three stairss:†¢ Fixing Notice-to inform the participants about the rubric. intent. day of the month. clip. locale etc intent of the meeting. †¢ Enlisting Agenda-to inform and steer the participants about what issues are traveling to be brought under treatment in the meeting †¢ Writing Minutes – to observe down all the of import treatment points. descions. and decisions drawn in the meeting. Fixing Notice: The first and first undertaking in forming meetings is to fix a notice for informing the participants about the inside informations. i. e. Title. intent. day of the month. clip. locale etc intent of the meeting. Notice â€Å"To discuss the Issue of Computer Labs Head of computing machine scientific discipline section has called a meeting on Friday 15 June. 2012 in university Auditorium at 10. 00 am. All module is informed to go to the meeting† Making a Meeting Agenda: Meetings set aside clip to brainstorm thoughts. relay of import information. work out jobs and program undertakings. A meeting must be well-planned to do this clip productive. An docket provides an lineation of the purpose of the meeting and the points that need to be discussed. A meeting docket can be distributed in front of clip to let attendants to fix inquiries and input. An effectual docket can be designed in a few simple stairss The meeting docket is a roadmap for the meeting. It lets participants cognize where they’re headed so they don’t acquire off path. Most significantly. the meeting docket gives a sense of intent and way to the meeting. When trying to keep a productive meeting. the most of import thing you can make is to make an docket. This should be sent to all attendants good in progress to give everyone clip to analyze the subjects and fix what they need to state. Agendas highlight the intent of the meeting and the determinations that need to be made. Without an docket meetings lack focal point and determinations will non be made since attendants will travel off on tangents and neglect to understand what needs to be achieved. I should be clear at this point that there is nil incorrect with a brainstorming session where an docket would non be required. but for more formal meetings with specific inquiries. jobs and issues that need attending and solution. an docket should ever be given. When puting the points of the docket it is best to officially bespeak content from the attendants. This will give people a opportunity to add anything they feel is of import. You must give people clip to answer so make this measure every bit early as possible. A simple electronic mail will do. It is deserving composing the docket foremost and directing this out with the petition since it will give people a better thought of the capable affair and rightness of their meeting subjects. Of class there will be an ‘any other business’ subdivision at the terminal of the meeting. but as many subjects as possible should be set in the docket so that a timescale can be more accurately estimated. If there are 14 subjects at the terminal of a meeting that merely lasts for an hr because you didn’t cognize about them in progress. so this is likely to be rushed and non explored to the full or the meeting will infest. Every meeting docket should incorporate a certain sum of general information in the header subdivision. This needs to be information on the meeting parametric quantities instead than its content. For illustration note the day of the month. the start clip. the terminal clip and the location. If this is sent in progress so it will be clear to everyone when and where the meeting will be held. It is a good thought to put any specific purposes in this subdivision. Say for illustration you are keeping the meeting to make up ones mind upon the scheme needed for an office move. This should be noted at the top so all parties are cognizant of the subject. This should halt people seeking to mouse inappropriate docket points on such as the new CRM system demands. It is usual to hold a subdivision for attendants so that everyone knows who will be coming. This will besides let them to propose anyone else they feel should be present that you have non included. This can be a simple list. If anyone is required to convey specific points to the meeting other than a notepad and pen so just warning should be given. If you needed a specific maths jobs solved and had neglected to state people to convey their reckoners so you would be at a serious disadvantageous when cipher has one. Time would be wasted while they all went back to their desks to bring them. Once this general information is listed. it is clip to add the docket subjects. The first subdivision is ‘apologies for absence’ since there may be people who can non do it on the twenty-four hours. This subdivision is required for the minute taker to observe the existent attendants. Some meetings are held on a regular footing such as hebdomadal planning meetings and project meetings. If this is the instance so a subdivision must be included called ‘minutes of the last meeting. ’ This subdivision will travel over the actions ensuing from the last meeting and follow them up. If they have been completed so they can be crossed of everyone’s list and if they have non. so the action would still stand and may necessitate to be discussed farther. The following docket points will be specific to the subject of your meeting. Using the illustration of an office move. agenda points may be as follows ; intent of the move. location of the new edifice. duty for the move itself. informing the staff. marketing the move to clients and contacts and eventually the duty for wellness and safety one time the move is completed. Obviously this is a immensely simplified list. but hopefully it gives an thought of how to put relevant docket points. All points must work out one issue and should add something to the overall solution required. The points should flux in a logical order and be related to each other. Think about what needs to be completed first before something else can be done. What are the dependences? The office move can non be marketed to clients before it has happened so this will logically be further down the list than points about the move itself. Once all relevant points are on the docket there should be a subdivision called ‘Any other concern. ’ This will let any last infinitesimal things to be discussed. Hopefully. if you have completed an docket good. this subdivision will be blissfully short since everything will be covered on the docket points already set. Make non let people to deflect everyone from the chief purpose of the meeting. If people want to discourse unrelated points so suggest they email or set up a separate meeting. The docket will be in a different format and will include different things depending on the type of meeting and who will be in attending. An all-day meeting in which people from outside the company or members of the populace will go to may good necessitate to include agenda points in a more specific clip format. Agenda points may include debut. tea and java interruption. tiffin etc. whereas a general office meeting would frequently be excessively short and hence except these points. The linguistic communication you use would necessitate to be simple and contain no industry abbreviation that people outside the country of expertness would non understand. As the presenter of the meeting. believe about what people need to see in progress to acquire a good thought of what will go on during the meeting. Supply all participants with an docket before the meeting starts. Your docket needs to include a brief description of the meeting aims. a list of the subjects to be covered and a list saying who will turn to each subject and for how long. When you send the docket. you should include the clip. day of the month and location of the meeting and any background information participants will necessitate to cognize to keep an informed treatment on the meeting subject. What’s the most of import thing you should make with your docket? Follow it closely! All dockets should name the undermentioned: †¢ Meeting start clip †¢ Meeting end clip†¢ Meeting location†¢ Topic headers†¢ Include some subject item for each header†¢ Indicate the clip each subject is expected to last†¢ Indicate which meeting participants are expected to be the chief subject participants Minutess of MeetingMinutess are the official record of an organisation. It is important that they are accurate since they are the legal record of the proceedings and actions of the organisation Minutes are written as an accurate record of a group’s meetings. and a record determinations taken. They are utile because people can bury what was decided at a meeting if there is no written record of the proceedings. Minutess can besides inform people who were non at the meeting about what took topographic point. Who writes the proceedingss? It is normal pattern for one individual at each meeting to be given the undertaking of composing the proceedingss. It may be the same individual each meeting. or the undertaking may be rotated. What do the proceedingss contain? Before each meeting an docket should be drawn up. detailing the affairs to be discussed at the meeting. A set of proceedingss should usually include the undermentioned information: †¢ clip. day of the month and topographic point of meeting ; †¢ list of people go toing ;†¢ list of absent members of the group ;†¢ blessing of the old meeting’s proceedingss. and any affairs originating from those proceedingss ;†¢ for each point in the docket. a record of the chief points discussed and determinations taken ;†¢ clip. day of the month and topographic point of following meeting ; †¢ name of individual taking the proceedingss. Tips Distribute ( by electronic mail ) the docket before the meeting. so that members of the group have a opportunity to fix for the meeting. Include an point â€Å"AOB† ( Any Other Business ) at the terminal of the docket as a topographic point to include last-minute points. Keep the proceedingss short and to the point. Don’t waffle. If you want to enter every word said. you might see a tape entering to supplement the proceedingss. Where a member of the group is asked to execute a set undertaking. record an â€Å"Action† point ; this makes it easy to read through the proceedingss at the following meeting and â€Å"tick off† the action points. Either write the proceedingss as the meeting happens ( if the proceedingss secretary is a fast typist! ) . or instantly after the meeting. The Oklahoman they are done. the more accurate they are. Meeting MinutessMeeting proceedingss sometimes seem to hold become a â€Å"lost art† . I mean. they are non rocket scientific discipline. instead a spot dense. Let me therefore portion with you the in my sentiment indispensable points. †¢ If you want to follow merely one advice. here it is: Write in a manner that allows person who has non attended the meeting to understand the proceedingss. This particularly means that you must really carefully put the context for each subject. You get two things from that extra attempt. First. person who has non attended the meeting will understand your proceedingss ( surprise. surprise ) . Second. and possibly more significantly. YOU will be able to understand your proceedingss in a few hebdomads. Opportunities are that you would non make so without puting context etc. †¢ There is no such thing as a meeting without proceedingss. Depending on the type of the meeting you can make up ones mind to merely compose a short electronic mail that amounts things up. But something should be written! This is the lone manner to guarantee that people have a common apprehension what has been discussed and decided. †¢ Use a templet. and please allow it be the same templet every cli p. It does non necessitate to be highly sophisticated but should back up easiness of reading. That means the reader should be supported in absorbing the content. †¢ Each entry is clearly marked as a certain type. Normally you find: determination. information. action point. Add others as you need them ( sometimes â€Å"status† is a different class ) . †¢ Please merely one ( 1 ) proprietor per action point. This individual is responsible that the occupation gets done. This does NOT intend this individual ever has to make it in individual ( this is merely one of several possibilities ) . He or she can besides depute it. make it together with person else. etc. But he or she is responsible towards the meeting that the work is finished by the assigned due day of the month. †¢ Each action point besides has a due day of the month. There must never-ever be an action point without a due day of the month. Period. This due day of the month does NOT acquire adjusted when it is missed. Otherwise the force per unit area to work hard will be lowered ( you don’t want that. make you? ) . †¢ You should document who attended the meeting and who got informed about the result. So please set a list of attendants ( besides partial attending. to be documented as such. counts ) and a list of receivers into your papers. So nil complicated here. right? One last word in footings of attempt. Writing good meeting proceedingss takes clip. Unless you are highly fast. you can anticipate that the authorship will sometimes take every bit long as the existent meeting. But this is usually clip good spent. Particularly if you are working for a client on a consulting undertaking. you should be careful to document what was said. So what should you make with those meeting proceedingss one time you have finished composing them? Here is my return on it: †¢ Send them to the participants and inquire them to look into carefully †¢ Depending on when the following meeting occurs. people must either supply their feedback within a certain timeframe ( I suggest 2-3 on the job yearss ) or at the following meeting. †¢ If nil has been brought frontward within the in agreement timeframe. the proceedingss are considered to be signed away. This is critical for undertakings with external clients. but besides good pattern internally. Content First paragraph: Kind of meeting ( regular. particular. etc. ) ; the name of the organisation ; the day of the month. clip and topographic point of the meeting ; the name of the presiding officer and secretary ; approximative figure of members present ; constitution of a quorum ; and recording of the action taken on the proceedingss of the old meeting. The organic structure should include. with each gesture being a separate paragraph. : †¢ The exact diction of gestures. whether passed or failed. and the manner they were disposed of. along with the name of the shaper †¢ If the ballot was counted. the count should be recorded. Edward tellers studies. if there are any. are included. In axial rotation call votes the record of each person’s ballot is included †¢ Notices of gestures – old notice is sometimes required e. g. amendments of the bylaws †¢ Points of order and entreaty †¢ What we decided in the meeting†¢ What we accomplished in the meeting†¢ What we agreed to in footings of following stairss ( action points ) To avoid blowing your clip spent in meetings. be certain your notes and proceedingss answer these 10 inquiries: 1. When was the meeting?2. Who attended?3. Who did non go to? ( Include this information if it matters. )4. What subjects were discussed?5. What was decided?6. What actions were agreed upon?7. Who is to finish the actions. by when?8. Were stuffs distributed at the meeting? If so. are transcripts or a nexus available? 9. Is at that place anything particular the reader of the proceedingss should cognize or make? 10. Is a follow-up meeting scheduled? If so. when? where? why? Minutess need headers so that readers can plane for the information they need. Your templet may include these: SubjectsDecisionsActions Agreed UponPerson responsibleDeadlineFollowing MeetingDate and TimeLocationAgenda itemsDo’s and Don’ts: Do compose proceedingss shortly after the meeting–preferably within 48 hours. That manner. those who attended can be reminded of action points. and those who did non go to will quickly cognize what happened. Don’t skip composing proceedingss merely because everyone attendedthe meeting and knows what happened. Meeting notes serve as a record of the meeting long after people forget what happened. Don’t describe all the â€Å"he said. she said† inside informations unless those inside informations are really of import. Record subjects discussed. determinations made. and action points. Don’t include any information that will abash anyone ( for illustration. â€Å"Then Terry left the room in tears† ) . Do use positive linguistic communication. Rather than depicting the treatment as heated or angry. usage passionate. lively. orenergetic–all of which are merely every bit true as the negative words. Bashs have a new twelvemonth filled with productive meetingscaptured expeditiously in chip. clear meeting notes! NOT INCLUDED†¢ The sentiment or reading of the secretary†¢ Judgmental phrases e. g. â€Å"heated debate† â€Å"valuable comment†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Discussion: Minutess are a record of what was done at the meeting. non what was said at the meeting†¢ Gestures that were withdrawn †¢ Name of seconder is unneededBlessingIf the proceedingss have been distributed to the members before the following meeting so the blessing procedure can be really short. The presiding officer merely states â€Å"Are there any corrections to the proceedingss as printed? † If there are none. or after all corrections have been made. the presiding officer may state â€Å"If there is no expostulation. the proceedingss will be approved as printed ( or as corrected ) . † Signature After the proceedingss have been corrected and approved by the rank. they should be signed by the secretary and can be signed by the president. The word â€Å"approved† and the day of the month of the blessing should besides be included MINUTES BOOK The official transcript of the proceedingss should be entered in the Minutes Book and kept by the secretary. These are the belongings of the organisation. non the secretary. If the organisation has a central office office. the official transcript of the proceedingss should be kept at that place. Copy If the members receive a transcript of the proceedingss it is non necessary for them to have all the fond regards. When they do non have the fond regards. the proceedingss should include a brief sum-up of the fond regards. ANNUAL MEETINGS/CONVENTION MINUTES Minutess of an one-year meeting or convention should be taken by the secretary with the aid of the Minutes Approval Committee members. In progress of the one-year meeting or convention. the secretary should fix a set of skeleton proceedingss. In the readying of this skeleton of the existent proceedingss the followers may be used: docket. plan. old proceedingss ( as a usher ) and the book. The skeleton proceedingss are based on what is expected to go on ( the book should be of great aid here ) . In fixing the skeleton proceedingss. be certain to go forth many empty infinites for the particulars that may go on during the meeting and any last minute alterations. Transcripts of the skeletal proceedingss are needed for the secretary. parliamentarian and members of the Minutes Approval Committee. During the meeting. the members of the commission and the secretary follow the skeletal proceedingss and make full in any extra information. Immediately after each concern run intoing the commission and the secretary meet and work together on an agreed upon set of proceedingss for that meeting. After the last concern meeting of the convention. the secretary prepares the concluding transcript of the proceedingss based upon what is agreed upon by the commission. This concluding transcript is reviewed by all commission members. When they all agree. they sign the original transcript and the occupation of O.K.ing the proceedingss is completed. If there is a transcript of the meeting. it is the secretary’s occupation to reexamine the transcript doing certain all the proceedingss are accurate. If it is necessary to alter the proceedingss. all members of the Minutes Approval Committee must hold upon the alterations.

Diagnosis and Treatment Essays - Abnormal Psychology,

Mood disorders are characterized by disturbances in a person?s mood or their prolonged emotional state. Most people have a wide emotional range, they are capable of being happy or sad, animated or quiet, cheerful or discouraged, overjoyed or miserable, and it just depends on the circumstances. People with mood disorders, their range are greatly restricted. They will seem stuck at one or the other end of the emotional spectrum, either constantly happy and excited or constantly sad no matter what the circumstances. Depression is a well known mood disorder and very common. A person who is depressed will experience a state in which they feel overwhelmed with sadness, they lose interest in activities, and they will display other symptoms such as excessive guilt or feelings of worthlessness. How does one know when feelings of sadness and hopelessness are just normal feelings and reactions to a person?s circumstances or are they experiencing a form of depression.Clinicians look for some significant impairment of distress in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Doctors also look for other explanations of the symptoms; could they be due to substance abuse or the side effects of medication that the person may be taking. Could it be a result of a medical condition, such as hypothyroidism which is the inability of the thyroid gland to produce an adequate amount of its hormones? Could the hormones be due to an intense grief reaction? If the symptoms cannot be explained by any of the above causes then the clinician uses a test called the DSM-IV-RT to help make a diagnosis of depression. DSM-IV-RT notes at least five of the fallowing symptoms and at least one of the first two must be present within the patient: 1.Depressed Mood- Feel sad or empty for most of the day, almost every day, or have others observed these symptoms? 2.Loss of interest in pleasure- lost interest in performing normal activities, such as working or going to social events? Does the person seem to just be going through the motions of everyday life and not receiving any pleasure from it? 3.Significant weight loss or gain- Has the person gained or lost more than five percent of body weight in a month? Has the person lost interest in eating or is complaining that food has lost its taste? 4.Sleep disturbance- Is the person having trouble sleeping? Or is the person sleeping too much? 5.Disturbance in motor activities- Is there a change in activity level? Does the person just sit around? Or does the behavior reflect agitation or unusual restlessness? 6.Fatigue- Does the person complain about constantly being tired and having no energy? 7.Feeling worthlessness or excessive guilt- Does the person express feeling like; ?You are better off without me? or ?I ruin everything for everyone I love.? 8.Unable to concentrate- Complain of memory problems or they are unable to focus their attention on simple tasks. 9.Thoughts of death- Does the person talk about committing suicide or wish that they were dead. Appropriate diagnosis is the first step in effective treatment. Second step is therapeutic help for the individual. Behavioral therapies would be most effective since its therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all behavior, normal and abnormal, is learned, and that the objective of therapy is to teach people new, more satisfying ways of behaving. Insight therapy would be affective also. Insight therapy is to give people a better awareness and understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions in hope that this will lead to better adjustment. Family therapy would also be necessary for those who are experiencing depression who have a family. Family therapists believe that it is a mistake to treat a client in a vacuum, making no attempt to meet the person?s parents, spouse, and children, for if one person in the family is having problems, it is often a signal that the entire family needs assistance. I would also recommend couples therapy for those who are in a relationship. Couples therapy is designed to assist partners who are having difficulties within their relationship. While a person who is diagnosed with depression may not directly be aware that their depression is affecting their loved ones, therapy is necessary so that they are aware of how their behavior

Major General George Meade in the Civil War

Major General George Meade in the Civil War Born at Cdiz, Spain on December 31, 1815, George Gordon Meade was the eighth of eleven children born to Richard Worsam Meade and Margaret Coats Butler. A Philadelphia merchant living in Spain, Meade had been crippled financially during the Napoleonic Wars and was serving a naval agent for the US government in Cdiz. Shortly after his death in 1928, the family returned to the United States and young George was sent to school at Mount Hope College in Baltimore, MD. West Point Meades time at Mount Hope proved brief due to his familys increasingly difficult financial situation. Wishing to continue his education and aid his family, Meade sought an appointment to the United States Military Academy. Securing admission, he entered West Point in 1831. While there his classmates included George W. Morell, Marsena Patrick, Herman Haupt, and future US Postmaster General Montgomery Blair. Graduating 19th in a class of 56, Meade was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1835 and assigned to the 3rd US Artillery. Early Career Dispatched to Florida to fight the Seminoles, Meade soon fell ill with fever and was transferred to the Watertown Arsenal in Massachusetts. Having never intended to make the army his career, he resigned in late 1836 after recovering from his sickness. Entering civilian life, Meade sought work as an engineer and had some success surveying new lines for railroad companies as well as working for the War Department. In 1840, Meade married Margaretta Sergeant, the daughter of prominent Pennsylvanian politician John Sergeant. The couple would ultimately have seven children. After his marriage, Meade found steady work increasingly difficult to obtain. In 1842, he elected to re-enter the US Army and was made a lieutenant of topographical engineers. Mexican-American War Assigned to Texas in 1845, Meade served as a staff officer in Major General Zachary Taylors army after the outbreak of the Mexican-American War the following year. Present at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, he was brevetted to first lieutenant for gallantry at the Battle of Monterrey. Meade also served on the staffs of Brigadier General William J. Worth and Major General Robert Patterson. 1850s Returning to Philadelphia after the conflict, Meade spent the bulk of the next decade designing lighthouses and conducting coastal surveys on the East Coast. Among those lighthouses he designed were those at Cape May (NJ), Absecon (NJ), Long Beach Island (NJ), Barnegat (NJ) and Jupiter Inlet (FL). During this time, Meade also devised a hydraulic lamp that was accepted for use by the Lighthouse Board. Promoted to captain in 1856, he was ordered west the following year to oversee a survey of the Great Lakes. Publishing his report in 1860, he remained on the Great Lakes until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. The Civil War Begins Returning east, Meade was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers on August 31 at the recommendation of Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtin and given command of the 2nd Brigade, Pennsylvania Reserves. Initially assigned to Washington, DC, his men built fortifications around the city until being assigned to Major General George McClellans newly formed Army of the Potomac. Moving south in the spring of 1862, Meade took part in McClellans Peninsula Campaign until being wounded three times at the Battle of Glendale on June 30. Quickly recovering, he rejoined his men in time for the Second Battle of Manassas in late August. Rising through the Army In the course of the fighting, Meades brigade took part in the vital defense of Henry House Hill which allowed the remainder of the army to escape after the defeat. Shortly after the battle he was given command of the 3rd Division, I Corps. Moving north at the beginning of the Maryland Campaign, he earned praise for his efforts at the Battle of South Mountain and again three days later at Antietam. When his corps commander, Major General Joseph Hooker, was wounded, Meade was selected by McClellan to take over. Leading I Corps for the remainder of the battle, he was wounded in the thigh. Returning to his division, Meade achieved the only Union success during the Battle of Fredericksburg that December when his men drove back the troops of Lieutenant General Thomas Stonewall Jackson. His success was not exploited and his division was forced to fall back. In recognition for his actions, he was promoted to major general. Given command of V Corps on December 25, he commanded it at the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863. During the course of the battle, he implored Hooker, now the army commander, to be more aggressive but to no avail. Taking Command Following his victory at Chancellorsville, General Robert E. Lee began moving north to invade Pennsylvania with Hooker in pursuit. Arguing with his superiors in Washington, Hooker was relieved on June 28 and command was offered to Major General John Reynolds. When Reynolds declined, it was offered to Meade who accepted. Assuming command of the Army of the Potomac at Prospect Hall near Frederick, MD, Meade continued to move after Lee. Known to his men as The Old Snapping Turtle, Meade had reputation for a short temper and possessed little patience for the press or civilians. Gettysburg Three days after taking command, two of Meades corps, Reynolds I and Major General Oliver O. Howards XI, encountered the Confederates at Gettysburg. Opening the Battle of Gettysburg, they were mauled but succeeded in holding favorable ground for the army. Rushing his men to the town, Meade won a decisive victory over the next two days and effectively turned the tide of the war in the East. Though triumphant, he was soon criticized for failing to aggressively pursue Lees battered army and deliver a war-ending blow. Following the enemy back to Virginia, Meade conducted ineffective campaigns at Bristoe and Mine Run that fall. Under Grant In March 1864, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant was appointed lead all Union armies. Understanding that Grant would come east and citing the importance of winning the war, Meade offered to resign from his army command if the new commander preferred to appoint someone different. Impressed by Meades gesture, Grant refused the offer. Though Meade retained command of the Army of the Potomac, Grant made his headquarters with the army for the remainder of the war. This proximity led to a somewhat awkward relationship and command structure. Overland Campaign That May, the Army of the Potomac embarked on the Overland Campaign with Grant issuing orders to Meade who in turn issued them to the army. Meade largely performed well as the fighting progressed through the Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House, but chaffed at Grants interference in the armys matters. He also took issue with Grants perceived preference for officers who had served with him in the west as well as his willingness to absorb heavy casualties. Conversely, some within Grants camp felt that Meade was too slow and cautious. As the fighting reached Cold Harbor and Petersburg, Meades performance began to slip as he did not direct his men to scout properly prior to the former battle and failed to coordinate his corps properly in the opening stages of the latter. During the siege of Petersburg, Meade again erred altering the attack plan for the Battle of the Crater for political reasons. Remaining in command throughout the siege, he fell ill on the eve of the final breakthrough in April 1865. Unwilling to miss the armys final battles, he led the Army of the Potomac from an army ambulance during the Appomattox Campaign. Though he made his headquarters near Grants, he did not accompany him to the surrender talks on April 9. Later Life With the end of the war, Meade remained in the service and moved through various department commands on the East Coast. In 1868, he took over the Third Military District in Atlanta and oversaw Reconstruction efforts in Georgia, Florida, and Alabama. Four years later, he was struck by a sharp pain in his side while in Philadelphia. An aggravation of the wound sustained at Glendale, he declined rapidly and contracted pneumonia. After a brief fight, he succumbed on November 7, 1872, and was buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.

Ethical Performance Appraisal Issues Research Paper

Ethical Performance Appraisal Issues - Research Paper Example The compensation plan also cut down on the amount of money that was given to doctors who had tenure. This is because the amount of money they were getting was more that they were bringing in and or that reason, in order to benefit from the finances they had to work more to gain more. Various strengths have been associated with the pay for performance plan. They include positive performance because the surgeons pay correlate directly with the number of patients or surgeries they perform in a given quarter. Secondly, the compensation plan provides equality on the surgeons in the sense that regardless of the tenure on has served they all have to get paid according to their performance; hence, reducing the protection given to low performers in the organization (Beaulieu & Zimmerman, 2005a). Thirdly, there is employee motivation because the surgeons will not be relying on the base pay that they have been accustomed to in that, knowing that they will get more when they work makes it increase their motivation and productivity for the organization. Even though the compensation plan has various strengths, it has shown some weaknesses. They include lack of backing from surgeons who have had tenure of service. Because they are accustomed to a little work, yet more pay and for that reason, adjusting would be AA problem. Secondly, the surgeons working on the research will abandon their work because the money meaning that they might lose grants from National Institute of Health motivates them. To deal with these challenges, it is important to come up with a plan that will ensure that the employees with tenure do not feel left out. Additionally, they should be provided with a work plan that allows them to bring the hospital money to stop in order to ensure that even though they are taking money from the hospital at least they are bringing some back. In relation to

Mental Process Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mental Process - Research Paper Example It is an operation, which has an effect on the mental contents of an individual. It can also be seen as the thinking process or the cognitive remembrance operation. Overall, it is all the different things that an individual can do with his or her mind including emotion, volition, reasoning, belief, conception, imagination, creativity, memory, introspection, and perception. 1. Compare and Contrast the Four Styles of Creative Intelligence and their Influence on Organizational Decision Making. Intuition is focused on the production of results and is reliant on experiences in the guidance of decisions (Bara, 2010). Most people consider the implications of comprehending the past as most believe that a majority of mistakes can be escaped if one understands its historical significance. Every organization, from a perspective of business, needs to consider patterns and exhibit caution at every turn. Strategic planning lets organizations prepare for possible scenarios via the forecasting of al l outcomes that are possible (Bara, 2010). Some of the biggest successes, as well as failures, can be traced back to reliance on results that are past. Businesses will consider several factors, for example, the market’s current conditions, segmentation, objectives, and experiences that it relates to in the past. The mindset of inspiration is focused on the change in society and the presentation of dedication aimed at changing results (Bara, 2010). People whose working is grounded in this mindset are imbued with positive energy and are able to remain focused, motivated, and logical. Organizations that possess this type of individual are enabled in their ability to visualize situations currently and use that as inspiration to create a positive future outcome. These individuals have the ability to promote change, which could limit the organization in a number of ways (Bara, 2010). They have a tendency to lose focus on everyday functions, as they are highly adept at assessment of the bigger picture. The style of imagination targets artistic individuals, who enjoy writing, and show qualities of strong leadership (Brown, 2006). Individuals with this mindset show the ability to visualize various scenarios. They possess a huge impact in the process of decision making especially in organizations where there are chaotic times since they are able to visualize beyond the current situation, which gives them excellent coping skills for solution for problems. They have an ability that is unique in their ability to remain confident and poised which rubs of on the rest of the organization. They also inspire others allowing them plan for and envision the future. One limitation is that these people are not totally focused on the immediate future, which could be problematic since all aspects should be placed in perspective (Brown, 2006). Individuals using the innovative style tend to stick to the issues before them and on evidence (Brown, 2006). It is the most logical of t he styles since it is clearly focused on evidence that is visible like data. However, this makes it impossible to see the organization’s apparent vision, which it is attempting to achieve. Successful organizations need a balance of different mindsets, which are found suited well to different roles. Precision is needed by all industries and organizations thus innovation is vital. This mindset comes